Reproductive Health – important questions for Boards 2027

CBSE Class 12 Biology

1. MCQ · 1 mark

   Which statement about embryo transfer is correct? A. Embryos formed by in-vivo fertilisation can be used for transfer to assist a female who cannot conceive. B. Only embryos formed by in-vitro fertilisation can be transferred. C. In-vivo fertilisation means fertilisation outside the female body. D. Embryo transfer always takes place before fertilisation.

   Answer

   (a) Embryos formed by in-vivo fertilisation can be used for transfer to assist a female who cannot conceive. — In-vivo fertilisation is the fusion of gametes within the female, and embryos formed this way can also be used for transfer.

2. SA · 1.5 marks

   State how oral contraceptive pills prevent conception.

   Answer

   Oral pills containing progestogens or progestogen–estrogen combinations inhibit ovulation and implantation. They also alter cervical mucus quality, preventing or retarding sperm entry into the female reproductive tract.

3. SA · 2 marks

   State the two major aims of Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes.

   Answer

   The two major aims are creating awareness about reproduction-related aspects and providing facilities and support to build a reproductively healthy society. Awareness includes information about reproductive organs, adolescence, safe practices and STDs.

4. MA · 3 marks

   State the population-related changes described in the textbook that contributed to rapid population growth. Then give two characteristics of an ideal contraceptive.

   Answer

   1. A rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), along with an increase in the number of people in reproductive age, contributed to rapid population growth. 2. An ideal contraceptive should be user-friendly, easily available, effective and reversible, with no or least side-effects. 3. It should not interfere with the user's sexual drive, desire and/or sexual act.

5. LA · 5 marks

   State two precautions against sexually transmitted infections and explain the value of early detection. Describe when medical termination of pregnancy may be performed in India, and outline the kinds of awareness, counselling and medical care included in Reproductive and Child Health programmes.

   Answer

   Reproductive and Child Health Care programmes promote reproductive well-being through information, counselling and medical services. 1. Avoiding sexual intercourse with unknown or multiple partners and using condoms during coitus are simple precautions against contracting STIs. 2. Early detection of STIs facilitates better cure and helps reduce complications such as Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (PIDs), still birth and infertility. 3. Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is legalised in India. It may be performed to end an unwanted pregnancy resulting from rape or a casual relationship, or when continuing the pregnancy could be harmful or fatal to the mother, the foetus or both. 4. Programmes create awareness and provide counselling about reproductive organs, adolescence and associated changes, safe and hygienic sexual practices, and STIs including AIDS. They also provide care for menstrual irregularities, pregnancy-related aspects, delivery, MTP, STIs, birth control, infertility, and post-natal child and maternal management. These measures support reproductive health and maternal and child care.

6. MCQ · 10 marks

   (10 marks) Which option correctly explains the role of sex education and accurate reproductive-health information for young people? A. It provides information about reproductive organs, adolescence, safe practices and STIs, helping young people avoid myths and lead reproductively healthy lives. B. It encourages young people to rely on myths about sex-related matters. C. It is concerned only with treatment of infertility in adults. D. It replaces the need for information about safe and hygienic sexual practices.

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7. MCQ · 1 mark

   Which option correctly identifies sexually transmitted infections and possible complications? A. They are transmitted through sexual intercourse and can lead to pelvic inflammatory diseases, stillbirth or infertility. B. They are transmitted only through food and cause no reproductive complications. C. They are transmitted through sexual intercourse but cannot cause infertility. D. They are caused only by contraceptive use.

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8. SA · 2 marks

   State two areas about which educating fertile couples and people of marriageable age can help support healthy families.

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9. MA · 3 marks

   Describe withdrawal (coitus interruptus) and lactational amenorrhea as contraceptive methods. State the maximum period for which lactational amenorrhea is reported to be effective.

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10. MCQ · 10 marks

    (10 marks) Which option correctly combines requirements for reproductive-health programmes with the role and restriction of amniocentesis? A. Programmes require infrastructure, professional expertise and material support; amniocentesis analyses foetal cells and dissolved substances in amniotic fluid for certain genetic disorders, but its use for sex determination is prohibited to help prevent female foeticide. B. Programmes require no medical facilities; amniocentesis is used only to determine the foetus’s sex. C. Programmes require professional expertise, but amniocentesis cannot test for genetic disorders and is encouraged for sex selection. D. Programmes provide care only for pregnancy; amniocentesis analyses maternal blood and has no restrictions.

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