Nature and Significance of Management – important questions for Boards 2027
CBSE Class 12 Business Studies
What does leadership involve?
Answer
Leadership involves influencing others to do what the leader wants them to do, guiding employees towards their assigned work.
Is management essential only in large, profit-making organisations?
Answer
Management is essential for all organisations, big or small, profit or non-profit, and services or manufacturing organisations.
Distinguish between effectiveness and efficiency in management.
Answer
1. Goal achievement — Effectiveness means completing the given task or achieving the target; efficiency means achieving goals with minimum resources. 2. Resource use — An effective manager may meet a target at high cost, while an efficient manager may cut costs but fail to achieve the target.
Explain why management is described as a dynamic function. Use the example of McDonald’s changing its menu for the Indian market.
Answer
1. Management is a dynamic function because every organisation operates in an environment that is constantly changing. Management must adapt its activities to these changes. 2. McDonald’s, the fast-food giant, made major changes in its menu to survive in the Indian market. This shows that management must adjust its decisions to changing conditions.
Explain how management functions are performed continuously and how a manager’s tasks may vary while forming an ongoing series of functions. Also state how management should support members as their needs and opportunities change.
Answer
Management is a continuous process because its functions remain connected throughout organisational work. 1. Planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling are separate but interrelated functions. Managers perform these functions simultaneously, so management is an ongoing process rather than a one-time activity. 2. The functions form an ongoing series: planning begins the process, while the other functions help carry plans into action and monitor results. Each function contributes to the work that follows. 3. Managers perform the same broad functions, but the time devoted to each may differ according to their tasks and level in the organisation. Their work varies while remaining part of the connected management process. Management should also enable all its members to grow and develop as their needs and opportunities change.
Trace the development of management from early factory practices to the emergence of management principles and the study of management alongside modern organisations. (5 marks)
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Explain why coordination is considered the common thread running through organisational activities and the essence of management. In your answer, relate it to continuity of work and harmony among individual efforts.
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What does management enable individuals to do towards group objectives?
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Why should management balance effectiveness and efficiency?
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Differentiate between planning and organising on the basis of their main purpose and the activities involved in each.
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51 more probable questions in this chapter, every one with a full answer.
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