Social Influence and Group Processes – important questions for Boards 2027
CBSE Class 12 Psychology
Name Tuckman’s five stages of group development in the correct order.
Answer
Tuckman’s five group-development stages are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning, in that order.
How can common motives or goals bring people together to form a group? Give one example of a goal that is easier to achieve collectively.
Answer
People with common motives or goals may form a group to facilitate goal attainment. For example, like-minded friends can jointly teach children in a slum who cannot attend school, achieving what one person may not manage alone.
Explain how contact and interaction, proximity, and similarity can contribute to group formation and liking among individuals.
Answer
1. Contact and interaction between people are basic to group formation. Repeated interactions allow individuals to know one another and discover shared interests, attitudes and backgrounds. 2. Proximity, such as living in the same colony, attending the same school or playing in the same playground, encourages repeated contact and can foster friendship and liking. 3. Similarity can promote liking because people prefer consistency; similar individuals experience consistency in their relationship.
Define a group. Explain how members’ sense of belonging, shared motives or goals, and interdependence are reflected in the way one member’s actions may affect others.
Answer
A group is a collection of individuals who interact with one another directly or indirectly and whose interactions may be structured by roles and norms. 1. A sense of belonging develops when members feel accepted and connected to the group. This connection encourages them to identify with the group and take part in its activities. 2. Members may share motives, interests or goals. Shared aims give members a reason to cooperate and coordinate their efforts. 3. Interdependence means that members rely on one another to fulfil roles or reach a common goal. A member’s action can therefore help or hinder other members and affect the group’s outcome. 4. Group members influence one another through their interactions, so individual behaviour is shaped by the presence and actions of others. Thus, interaction, shared aims and mutual influence make a group more than a mere collection of individuals.
Explain how members’ sense of belonging, common motives and goals, and mutual interdependence distinguish a group from a mere collection of people.
Answer
1. Sense of belonging — Group: Members perceive themselves as belonging to the group, giving it a unique identity; mere collection: People may be together by chance without a shared sense of belonging. 2. Motives and goals — Group: Members have common motives and goals, and may work towards a goal or away from threats; mere collection: People need not share motives or goals. 3. Interdependence — Group: Members are interdependent, so what one member does may have consequences for others; mere collection: People are not necessarily dependent on one another. 4. Relationships — Group: Members interact and influence one another while pursuing shared aims; mere collection: People may occupy the same place without meaningful relationships. 5. Example — Group: A family, class or playgroup has mutual interdependence and expectations among members; mere collection: An audience watching a match may simply be present at the same time and place.
What may happen to a group during the adjourning stage?
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What happens during the performing stage of group development?
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Describe the forming, storming and norming stages of group development, including the main concerns or changes that characterise each stage.
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Distinguish between a crowd and a team with reference to their structure, members’ relationships and behaviour. Include the role of complementary skills and mutual accountability in a team.
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Explain how roles and norms structure group behaviour. Contrast this with a crowd, referring to its lack of structure, belongingness and interdependence, and to how group members may interact directly or indirectly.
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32 more probable questions in this chapter, every one with a full answer.
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