Variations in Psychological Attributes – important questions for Boards 2027
CBSE Class 12 Psychology
Aptitude tests are used to predict what a person may be able to do when given: (A) an appropriate environment and training (B) a high score in an intelligence test alone (C) a particular personality type (D) a change in interests.
Answer
(A) an appropriate environment and training — aptitude tests predict what an individual will be able to do if given suitable conditions and training.
According to Gardner, how are the different types of intelligence both independent of one another and able to work together?
Answer
Gardner holds that each type of intelligence is independent; exhibiting one type does not necessarily indicate being high or low on other types. However, different intelligences interact and work together to find a solution to a problem.
What is situationism? Explain how situations and circumstances can influence a person’s behaviour, sometimes leading people with different traits to behave similarly.
Answer
Situationism is the view that situations and circumstances influence a person’s behaviour. Their influence can be powerful enough that people with different personality traits respond in almost the same ways. For example, a generally aggressive person may act submissively in the presence of a top boss.
Define individual differences and explain how variations in physical and psychological traits contribute to each person’s uniqueness.
Answer
1. Characteristics — Physical differences include height, appearance, strength and health; psychological differences include perception, learning, thinking, personality and performance. 2. Meaning and uniqueness — Individual differences are the distinctiveness and variations among people’s characteristics and behaviour patterns. Different combinations of physical and psychological traits make each person unique, even when people share some characteristics.
Explain how heredity and environment interact in the development of intelligence. Use evidence from twin studies to support your answer.
Answer
Intelligence develops through the complex interaction of heredity and environment. 1. Identical twins reared together have intelligence scores that correlate almost 0.90, showing a strong hereditary influence when twins share an environment. 2. Identical twins reared in different environments still have a correlation of 0.72, while fraternal twins reared together correlate almost 0.60. The similarity between identical twins raised apart supports the role of heredity. 3. Brothers and sisters reared together correlate about 0.50, whereas siblings reared apart correlate about 0.25, showing that both shared heredity and environment contribute to similarity. 4. Heredity sets a range for development, while environmental support and opportunities shape development within that range. Thus, intelligence is shaped by the continuing interaction of inherited potential and environmental conditions.
Describe some signs of giftedness in early childhood and explain why giftedness is not limited to academic achievement. State other characteristics that may be seen in gifted children.
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Which statement best describes interest? (A) An underlying potential to acquire a skill (B) A preference for engaging in some activities rather than others (C) An enduring characteristic that distinguishes a person (D) A standard for judging others’ actions.
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Describe the abilities associated with logical-mathematical intelligence.
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How can information from psychological assessment help predict and influence a person’s future behaviour?
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Explain what psychological assessment involves. Distinguish between formal and informal assessment.
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76 more probable questions in this chapter, every one with a full answer.
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