Manufacturing Industries – important questions for Boards 2027

CBSE Class 10 Social Science

1. MCQ · 1 mark

   Which statement about India’s jute industry is correct? (A) India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and ranks second in exports after Bangladesh. (B) India imports most of its raw jute and is the largest exporter. (C) India ranks second in raw-jute production and first in exports. (D) India neither produces nor exports jute goods.

   Answer

   (A) India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and ranks second in exports after Bangladesh. — India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.

2. SA · 2 marks

   State two ways in which the textile industry contributes to the Indian economy. What is distinctive about its value chain?

   Answer

   The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products.

3. MA · 3 marks

   Describe the regional pattern of spinning and weaving in India’s cotton textile industry. Name the main forms of weaving and state how handspun khadi provides employment.

   Answer

   1. Spinning continues to be centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, while weaving is highly decentralised to incorporate traditional skills and designs in cotton, silk, zari and embroidery. 2. Weaving is carried out by handloom, powerloom and in mills. 3. Handspun khadi, produced as a cottage industry, provides large-scale employment to weavers in their homes.

4. LA · 5 marks

   Explain how cotton textile production developed from hand spinning and handloom weaving to power-looms. Why did the industry initially concentrate in Maharashtra and Gujarat, and how does it support related occupations and industries?

   Answer

   The cotton textile industry developed from hand-based production into a modern mechanised industry. 1. In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced through hand spinning and handloom weaving; power-looms came into use after the 18th century. 2. Traditional industries suffered a setback during colonial rule because they could not compete with mill-made cloth from England. 3. In its early years, the industry concentrated in the cotton-growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat because raw cotton, markets, transport, accessible port facilities, labour and a moist climate were available there. 4. The industry provides livelihoods to farmers and cotton boll pluckers, as well as workers in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. Its demand also supports the chemicals and dyes, packaging materials and engineering works industries. Thus, cotton textiles link agriculture, manufacturing, employment and supporting industries.

5. VSA · 1 mark

   Where and in what year was India’s first jute mill established?

   Answer

   The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1855 at Rishra.

6. SA · 2 marks

   What are mineral-based industries? Why is the iron and steel industry called a basic industry?

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7. MA · 3 marks

   Name the three phases of industrial effluent treatment and briefly state the process used in each phase.

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8. LA · 5 marks

   Explain the factors that made the Hugli basin a favourable location for jute mills.

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9. MCQ · 1 mark

   Which of the following is a use of steel? (A) Manufacturing engineering goods and construction materials (B) Producing only food grains (C) Making only paper products (D) Replacing all sources of water

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10. SA · 2 marks

    What is NTPC, and what Environment Management System certification does it hold?

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